Morphological Characterization and Geographic Distribution of Agrotis Species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Cereal Fields

Abstract

Species of Agrotis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important soil-inhabiting pests in cereal production systems, causing severe damage to seedlings and young plants through cutworm feeding activity. Accurate species identification and knowledge of their geographic distribution are essential for effective pest monitoring and management. The present study investigated the morphological characterization and geographic distribution of Agrotis species collected from cereal-growing regions. Insect specimens were sampled from different cereal fields using light traps, soil sampling, and direct field collection methods during the cropping season. Morphological characterization was performed using diagnostic taxonomic features including wing coloration and pattern, body size, antennal structure, genital morphology, and larval characteristics. Significant morphological variation was observed among the collected Agrotis species, allowing reliable differentiation of economically important taxa associated with cereal crops. Distribution analysis revealed variation in species occurrence and abundance across different agroecological zones and environmental conditions. Certain species exhibited widespread distribution and high population density, while others were restricted to specific regions with favorable climatic and soil conditions. Seasonal fluctuations in population abundance were also observed, indicating the influence of environmental factors on species distribution and survival. Geographic mapping demonstrated distinct spatial patterns related to cropping practices, temperature, and soil characteristics within cereal production systems. The integration of morphological identification and distributional analysis improved understanding of Agrotis diversity and pest occurrence in cereal-growing areas. The findings provide valuable information for pest surveillance, ecological studies, and integrated pest management programs aimed at minimizing crop damage and improving sustainable cereal production through targeted monitoring and control strategies.