Seasonal Population Dynamics and Dispersal Pattern of Aceria tosichella (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Wheat Varieties

Abstract

Population fluctuation and dispersal behavior of Aceria tosichella were investigated on different wheat varieties to understand the ecological factors influencing infestation dynamics and spread of this economically important eriophyid mite. Field and laboratory studies were conducted during multiple crop growth stages under varying environmental conditions to assess seasonal abundance, colonization pattern, and host preference of the mite. Regular sampling of wheat plants revealed considerable variation in mite population density among wheat varieties, indicating differences in host susceptibility and suitability for mite development. Population buildup was initially low during early vegetative stages but increased rapidly during periods of moderate temperature and reduced rainfall, reaching peak abundance during heading and grain development stages. Mite populations declined gradually as plants matured and environmental conditions became less favorable. Dispersal observations demonstrated that A. tosichella spread primarily through wind currents, direct plant contact, and movement of infested plant materials. Higher infestation levels were associated with dense crop canopies and continuous wheat cultivation, which facilitated rapid colonization and persistence of mite populations. Certain wheat varieties exhibited lower infestation intensity and delayed population buildup, suggesting the presence of partial resistance or unfavorable plant characteristics affecting mite establishment. Feeding activity caused leaf curling, chlorosis, and reduced plant vigor, ultimately influencing grain development and crop productivity. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind velocity significantly affected seasonal population trends and dispersal efficiency of the mite. Understanding the population ecology and movement patterns of A. tosichella is essential for predicting outbreak risk and implementing timely integrated pest management strategies.