Competitive Ability and Seedbank Persistence of Raphanus raphanistrum in Brassica Crop Rotations

Abstract

Competitive ability and seedbank persistence of Raphanus raphanistrum in Brassica crop rotations were investigated to understand its long-term survival strategy and impact on crop productivity. Field and controlled-environment studies were conducted to evaluate weed–crop competition dynamics and seed longevity under rotation systems involving different Brassica crops. Parameters such as weed emergence, biomass accumulation, crop yield reduction, and seedbank density were recorded over successive seasons. Results indicated that R. raphanistrum exhibited strong competitive ability, particularly during early crop growth stages, where rapid emergence and vigorous seedling growth enabled effective resource capture. Increased weed density significantly reduced Brassica crop biomass and yield components through competition for light, nutrients, and moisture. Seedbank studies revealed high persistence of R. raphanistrum seeds in soil, with dormancy mechanisms contributing to staggered germination across seasons. Crop rotation influenced seedbank dynamics, with certain Brassica sequences slightly reducing seed viability over time, although complete depletion was not observed. The study highlights the adaptability of R. raphanistrum in Brassica-based cropping systems and its ability to maintain persistent seedbanks under agricultural disturbance. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated weed management strategies, including crop rotation optimization, timely weed control, and seedbank targeting approaches to reduce long-term infestations.