Seed Dormancy Mechanisms and Germination Ecology of Chenopodium album Under Different Soil Temperature and Light Regimes

Abstract

Understanding seed dormancy and germination ecology of weed species is essential for predicting emergence patterns and developing effective weed management strategies in agricultural systems. The present study investigated the seed dormancy mechanisms and germination behavior of Chenopodium album under different soil temperature and light regimes. Seeds collected from mature plants were subjected to controlled laboratory experiments to evaluate the effects of varying temperature conditions and light exposures on dormancy release, germination percentage, and seedling establishment. Germination responses were assessed under constant and alternating temperature regimes combined with light and dark treatments. The results demonstrated that both temperature and light significantly influenced seed germination and dormancy status of C. album. Higher germination percentages were observed under moderate alternating temperatures and light exposure, whereas low temperatures and continuous darkness suppressed germination. Seeds exhibited characteristics of physiological dormancy, with environmental cues playing a major role in regulating dormancy release and germination timing. Light sensitivity indicated that seeds positioned near the soil surface possessed greater germination potential compared to deeply buried seeds. Temperature fluctuations enhanced metabolic activity and promoted dormancy breaking, leading to improved seedling emergence. The ecological adaptability of C. album under varying environmental conditions contributes to its persistence and competitive ability in crop production systems. The findings provide valuable insights into the germination ecology of this problematic weed species and support the development of integrated weed management practices aimed at reducing weed establishment through optimized tillage, crop rotation, and soil management strategies.