Biology, Morphology, and New Distributional Records of Aphis gossypii Populations on Cucurbit Crops in Arid Regions
Keywords:
Aphis gossypii, Cucurbit crops, Morphological variability, Arid regions, Distributional records, Integrated pest management (IPM)Abstract
Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most widely distributed and economically important pests of cucurbit crops, particularly in arid and semi-arid agro-ecosystems where climatic stress can intensify pest outbreaks. This study investigates the biology, morphological variability, and new distributional records of A. gossypii populations associated with major cucurbit hosts, including cucumber, melon, pumpkin, and squash, in selected arid regions. Field surveys were conducted across multiple cultivation sites to document infestation levels and collect representative aphid populations. Laboratory analyses were performed to examine key morphological traits such as body size, siphunculi length, cauda shape, antennal segmentation, and coloration variability under controlled conditions.
The results indicate notable phenotypic plasticity among populations, likely influenced by host plant species and extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature and low humidity. Biological observations revealed variations in reproductive rate, nymphal development time, and colony establishment success across different cucurbit hosts. New distributional records extend the known range of A. gossypii within arid zones, suggesting adaptive expansion facilitated by irrigation-based agriculture and continuous host availability.
The study highlights the pest’s high adaptability and genetic–environmental interaction, which contribute to its persistence and outbreak potential in cucurbit agro-ecosystems. These findings emphasize the importance of region-specific monitoring and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies tailored to arid environments. Understanding morphological variability and distribution patterns can support more accurate identification and improved forecasting of infestation risks. The research provides valuable baseline data for future taxonomic, ecological, and pest management studies targeting A. gossypii in water-limited agricultural systems.
