Competitive Ability of Lolium temulentum in Chickpea and Its Influence on Crop Biomass and Seed Yield

Abstract

Lolium temulentum is a competitive annual grass weed that poses a serious threat to pulse production systems due to its aggressive growth, rapid resource acquisition, and ability to reduce crop productivity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the competitive ability of L. temulentum in Chickpea and its influence on crop biomass and seed yield under field conditions. Field experiments were established with varying weed densities to assess the impact of competition at different growth stages of chickpea. Observations were recorded on weed growth parameters, crop growth reduction, biomass accumulation, and final seed yield. Results indicated that increasing weed density significantly reduced chickpea plant height, branch number, nodulation, and overall biomass production. The competitive pressure exerted by L. temulentum led to substantial reductions in pod formation and seed yield, with the highest losses observed under maximum weed infestation levels. Early-season competition was found to be particularly detrimental, as the weed established rapidly and effectively utilized available soil moisture, nutrients, and light resources. The weed demonstrated high relative growth rate and strong competitive index, enabling it to dominate chickpea stands under mixed growth conditions. Statistical analysis confirmed significant negative correlations between weed density and crop performance indicators. The findings highlight the strong competitive potential of L. temulentum and its capacity to severely limit chickpea productivity if not effectively managed. Integrated weed management strategies, including timely mechanical control and crop-weed interference reduction, are essential to minimize yield losses. This study provides valuable insights into crop–weed interactions and supports the development of effective management practices for sustainable chickpea production systems.