Detection of Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Using RT-PCR in Legume Cropping Systems

Abstract

Viral diseases caused by Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) are major constraints affecting legume production worldwide, resulting in significant yield and quality losses. Rapid and accurate detection of these viruses is essential for effective disease monitoring and management in legume cropping systems. The present study investigated the occurrence and molecular detection of BCMV and BYMV in major legume-growing areas using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Leaf samples exhibiting mosaic, chlorosis, leaf deformation, and stunted growth symptoms were collected from infected legume crops cultivated under different agroecological conditions. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic plant tissues and subjected to RT-PCR amplification using virus-specific primers targeting conserved genomic regions. The results confirmed the presence of both BCMV and BYMV in infected samples, producing distinct amplification products corresponding to each virus. Variations in virus incidence were observed among crop species and geographical locations, indicating differences in disease prevalence and distribution patterns. Mixed infections involving both viruses were also detected in certain samples, suggesting potential interactions that may intensify disease severity in legumes. Molecular analysis demonstrated the reliability and sensitivity of RT-PCR for rapid identification of viral pathogens in infected plant materials. Early detection through molecular diagnostics can significantly improve disease surveillance, seed certification, and integrated virus management strategies. The findings of this study contribute valuable information regarding the occurrence and distribution of BCMV and BYMV in legume cropping systems and support the development of effective disease prevention measures for sustainable legume production.