Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Orobanche and Phelipanche Species Parasitizing Leguminous Crops

Abstract

Morphological and molecular characterization of Orobanche and Phelipanche species parasitizing leguminous crops was undertaken to resolve taxonomic ambiguity and assess species diversity associated with parasitic infestations. Field surveys were conducted in legume-growing regions, and infected plant samples exhibiting typical broomrape emergence and host stunting were collected for analysis. Morphological identification was based on diagnostic traits including flower structure, corolla shape, seed morphology, and branching patterns of underground haustorial connections. Molecular characterization was performed using PCR amplification and sequencing of ITS rDNA regions to confirm species identity and infer phylogenetic relationships. Results revealed the presence of multiple Orobanche and Phelipanche species exhibiting distinct host associations and morphological variability. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supported clear separation between genera and identified cryptic diversity within populations parasitizing different leguminous hosts. Variations in infestation severity were observed among legume crops, indicating differential host susceptibility and parasite adaptability. The integration of morphological and molecular datasets improved resolution of species delimitation, overcoming limitations of traditional taxonomy alone. High genetic divergence among isolates suggested ongoing evolutionary differentiation driven by host specialization. These findings highlight the complexity of broomrape–host interactions in leguminous agroecosystems and underscore the importance of accurate species identification for effective management. The study provides a foundation for developing targeted control strategies, including resistant cultivars and integrated weed–parasite management approaches to reduce yield losses caused by Orobanche and Phelipanche species.