Biology and Predatory Efficiency of Geocoris uliginosus (Hemiptera: Geocoridae) on Helicoverpa armigera Eggs

Abstract

The predatory bug Geocoris uliginosus is recognized as an important natural enemy of several agricultural pests and may contribute significantly to suppression of lepidopteran infestations in crop ecosystems. Laboratory investigations were conducted to evaluate the biology, developmental characteristics, and predatory efficiency of G. uliginosus on eggs of Helicoverpa armigera under controlled environmental conditions. Observations were made on developmental duration, survival, adult longevity, fecundity, and feeding potential of different predator stages. The predator successfully completed its life cycle when provided with H. armigera eggs as prey, demonstrating high adaptability and feeding suitability. Nymphal development progressed through multiple instars with relatively high survival rates under moderate temperature and humidity conditions. Feeding activity increased progressively with predator age, and later nymphal instars together with adult females consumed significantly higher numbers of eggs compared with early instars and males. Female adults exhibited longer longevity and greater reproductive capacity than males, with peak oviposition occurring during the early adult period. Predation studies revealed substantial reduction in prey egg survival due to continuous feeding by both nymphs and adults. The predator displayed active searching behavior and rapid prey handling ability, contributing to high predatory efficiency against H. armigera eggs. Environmental conditions and prey availability significantly influenced developmental performance and reproductive success of the predator. Life history traits observed in the present study indicate that G. uliginosus possesses desirable biological characteristics for incorporation into integrated pest management programs targeting H. armigera. Conservation and augmentation of this predator in agricultural fields may reduce dependence on chemical insecticides and support environmentally sustainable pest suppression.