Interaction Between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Native Soil Microbiota in the Rhizosphere of Vegetable Crops

Abstract

Interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and native soil microbiota in the rhizosphere of vegetable crops were investigated to understand their compatibility, ecological dynamics, and implications for biological control. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected from vegetable-growing fields, and populations of entomopathogenic fungi were isolated using selective media and bait insect techniques. The abundance and diversity of native bacteria, actinomycetes, and saprophytic fungi were assessed alongside fungal colonization and persistence. Results indicated that entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae successfully established in the rhizosphere but exhibited variable interactions with resident microbial communities. In certain soil environments, synergistic associations with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhanced fungal survival and sporulation, whereas antagonistic effects from competitive saprophytes reduced fungal persistence and infectivity. Soil physicochemical factors, particularly organic matter content and moisture availability, significantly influenced microbial balance and fungal efficacy. Enzymatic activity profiles suggested that microbial competition for nutrients and niche space played a central role in shaping community structure. The study also demonstrated that diversified microbial communities contributed to improved soil health while modulating the performance of entomopathogenic fungi used for pest suppression. These findings highlight the importance of understanding rhizosphere microbial ecology when implementing fungal-based biocontrol strategies in vegetable production systems. Integrating knowledge of microbial interactions can improve the consistency and field performance of entomopathogenic fungi in sustainable pest management programs.