Detection and Partial Genome Characterization of Watermelon Mosaic Virus in Cucurbit Fields

Abstract

Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) is an economically important potyvirus affecting cucurbit production worldwide, leading to mosaic symptoms, leaf deformation, stunting, and yield reduction. Early detection and molecular characterization of viral isolates are essential for understanding disease epidemiology and developing effective management strategies. The present study focused on the detection and partial genome characterization of WMV in cucurbit fields exhibiting typical viral symptoms. Field surveys were conducted, and symptomatic leaf samples were collected from cucurbit crops across major cultivation areas. Viral infection was initially confirmed using serological assays and RT-PCR amplification targeting conserved regions of the WMV genome. Positive samples were subjected to partial genome sequencing, and the obtained sequences were analyzed to assess genetic relatedness and molecular variability among isolates. The results confirmed the presence of WMV in all tested regions, indicating widespread distribution in cucurbit-growing ecosystems. Sequence analysis revealed nucleotide variations among isolates, suggesting genetic divergence and ongoing viral evolution. Phylogenetic analysis grouped local isolates within established WMV clades, showing close relationships with previously reported isolates from different geographical regions. The observed genetic variability may contribute to differences in symptom expression, host adaptation, and virus transmission efficiency. The study highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of WMV populations to track viral evolution and spread. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology of WMV and support the development of integrated disease management strategies, including the use of virus-free planting material and vector control measures for sustainable cucurbit production.