Species Diversity of Phytophagous Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae) on Stone Fruit Trees and Their Seasonal Fluctuation

Abstract

Phytophagous mites belonging to the families Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae are important arthropod pests of stone fruit trees, causing direct feeding damage, reduced photosynthetic activity, and decline in fruit yield and quality. The present study investigated the species diversity and seasonal fluctuation of phytophagous mites associated with stone fruit orchards under field conditions. Systematic sampling was conducted across different phenological stages of stone fruit trees to assess mite abundance, species composition, and population dynamics. Mite specimens were collected from leaves and shoots and identified based on morphological characteristics using standard taxonomic keys. The results revealed a diverse assemblage of phytophagous mite species, with multiple representatives from both Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae families showing varying levels of abundance and host association. Seasonal variation in mite populations was strongly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and host plant phenology. Peak population densities were generally observed during warm and dry periods, which favored rapid reproduction and development of mite populations. In contrast, cooler and humid conditions were associated with reduced mite activity and population decline. Certain mite species exhibited strong host specificity, while others showed broader host range within stone fruit systems. The interaction between climatic conditions and host plant growth stages played a key role in regulating population fluctuations throughout the season. The findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of phytophagous mite diversity for effective orchard pest management. This study provides valuable insights into the ecology and seasonal dynamics of mite populations and supports the development of integrated pest management strategies aimed at minimizing yield losses in stone fruit production systems.